near field communication interface and protocol (PICC) (NFCIP)

In 2002, in conjunction with the specifications for near field communication( NFC), the European Computer Manufacturers Association( ECMA) also adopted the transmission protocol under ECMA 340: Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-1 (NFCIP-1). Thisprotocol specifies a carrier frequency of 13.56 MHz, as do the ISO 14443 and ISO 15693 standards.

The NFC standard NFCIP-2 is more flexible than NFCIP-1, as the protocol supports both near-field communication and communication between proximity coupling devices( PCD) and proximity integrated circuit cards( PICC), and also between vicinity coupling devices( VCD) and vicinity integrated circuit cards ( VICC).

Readers that support NFCIP-2 must detect external radio frequency fields of 13.56 MHz +/- 7 kHz with a field strength greater than the Oersted value of 0.1875 A/m.