voltage stabilizer
Voltage regulators, voltage stabilizers or voltage regulators, are electronic circuits for regulating voltage sources, power supplies and power supplies. They keep the output voltage of the power supplies within the specified deviations.
In terms of the process, there are clocked and linear voltage regulators, the linear regulators. Both types of voltage regulators are based on the principle that the output voltage of the voltage source is compared with a stable reference voltage and voltage deviations between the specified voltages are compensated by a control element. To prevent voltage regulators from being destroyed, they often have protective circuits. There is a current limiting circuit that kicks in when the maximum collector current is exceeded, one that monitors the operating temperature of the semiconductor device to protect it from thermal overload, and another that ensures that the safe operating area ( SOA) is maintained.
Linear or longitudinal regulator
Linear or series regulators are electronic voltage regulators used in power supply circuits. In principle, they are feedback circuits in which the output voltage is compared with a reference voltage and a voltage deviation from the intended output voltage forms the control voltage for the actuator.
Thus, the main electronic components are the actuator, the reference voltage source consisting of Zener diodes, and the differential amplifier, which is used to amplify the differential voltage and generate the control voltage for the actuator. The actuator is a single transistor or a transistor combination, a Darlington transistor, which is a series transistor in the supply voltage and operates as a continuously variable resistor. The Darlington circuit provides a low output impedance in series connection. Minimal voltage deviations of the output voltage of the actuator are amplified via the error amplifier and thus control the actuator. If the smallest voltage deviations of less than 100 mV have to be compensated, LDO ( low dropout) regulators are used.