soliton waves

Solitons are waves that behave like particles and propagate over long distances without changing their shape or speed. Solitons are transmitted, for example, as electromagnetic pulses on electrical lines or as optical solitons on optical waveguides.

Solitons are characterized by a pulse shape that is precisely defined in amplitude and phase and can be transmitted in optical fibers without changing shape. In optical fibers, their propagation is little affected by compensation of linear and nonlinear effects, such as dispersion and the Kerr effect; the waveform exhibits relatively high stability.

This property allows soliton systems with minimal dispersion compensation to be used in optical networks( ON) and optical transmission links with a range of several thousand kilometers.