warping

The English word warping stands for warping or deforming. This term is used in 3D printing technology when the print object shrinks during cooling or warps due to temperature differences in its shape.

Warping is manifested, for example, when part of the print object lifts off the print bed and curves upwards. The warping effect occurs because the temperature differences between the layers of the extruded plastic are too great. This in turn causes stresses in the model, and when these become too great, the lower layers warp or lift, resulting in deformation. The deformation effect occurs particularly strongly at high melt temperatures.

Auxiliary constructions such as brim or raft can prevent warping. Raft reduces the risk of warping in the case of very small or large print objects.