voltage source converter (HVDC, HGÜ) (VSC)
A Voltage Source Converter (VSC) is a self-controlled converter for HVDC technology. It is also referred to as a 4-quadrant converter because it uses a rectifier to commutate the incoming AC voltage into a DC voltage, transmits it over the HVDC line, and converts it back into an AC voltage using an inverter at the end of the HVDC line.
For the conversion, the DC voltage signal is clocked using pulse width modulation with power semiconductors such as IGBTs. The clocked AC voltage has the line frequency and is formed into a sinusoidal signal via filters. The advantage of VSC technology is that the control and regulation is extremely efficient due to the use of the power semiconductors. For example, the active power and the reactive power can be controlled independently of each other.
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In addition to the two- phase VSC converter with pulse width modulation, there is also the method of the multilevel VSC converter, the modular multilevel converter( MMC). Another method for AC voltage conversion uses the line commutated converter( LCC).