the onion router (TOR)
TOR, which stands for "The Onion Router", is a program for anonymizingdata traffic on the Internet. In normal connections between web browsers and web servers, the web client sends various details such as the IP address, location, operating system used, etc. to the web server when a page request is made. This information is logged by web servers, stored and analyzed for retrieval statistics. The visitor thus becomes transparent to a certain extent.
To prevent this, there is a software called "The Onion Router" that does not provide any data for visitor analysis. The Tor software is mainly used in the darknet. It acts between the web client and the web server and anonymizes the connection data and disguises the IP addresses. Requests from the Tor browser pass through several routers, sometimes even encrypted, before being routed from the last router to the web server. The routing is purely random and cannot be traced. An identity statement about the visitor is therefore not possible.
The Tor program works with the TCP protocol and can be used not only for web browsing, but also for instant messaging( IM), Internet Relay Chat( IRC), e-mails and also in peer-to-peer( P2P) networks. This means, for example, that confidential information from whistleblowers or dissidents can be transmitted securely over the network without it being possible to draw conclusions about the sender.