robot
Robots are machines of robotics. They are program-controlled and work with speech recognition, artificial intelligence and machine learning. They use the feedback from sensors and actuators for the interaction of the various movement, gripping, holding and processing tools. Central components of robots are the computer-aided control and the machining tools. Depending on the robot concept, robots work with a manipulator and an end effector.
Robots can be classified in terms of their field of application, their tasks and their size. For example, there are macro robots that are used in production with complicated processes or high precision and throughput requirements, others are used where dangerous objects are handled, such as in the protective chambers of research and industrial laboratories and in nuclear power plants. Still others assist employees in their work and respond to human instructions. These are the collaborative robots, or cobots for short. And finally, there are the miniature robots or microrobots. They are used in medicine in operating rooms, in chip production or when working on very small objects. If several microrobots work in coordination as one system, we speak of swarm robots or swarm robotics.
Larger robots, on the other hand, work under water, in space or in high-bay warehouses, and still others exhibit human-like behavior.
Industrial robots, or processing robots, are reprogrammable machines that can move materials, parts or tools in a programmed manner and perform various tasks. These industrial processing robots are standardized by the International Standards Organization( ISO) under ISO 8373 as industrial robots and are characterized by being versatile, automatically controllable and capable of moving in at least three axes.
Human-like robots walk on two legs, climb stairs, recognize people and objects, and respond to gestures. These robots are equipped with gesture recognition and speech recognition, can speak or repeat certain phrases, and execute voice commands.
A key aspect in the classification of robots is their mode of action, which is automated on the one hand, but can also be autonomous. This means that the robot has the ability to independently pursue goals and react to the unexpected.