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frame relay (FR)

Frame relay(FR) is a data packet-oriented transmission technique for point-to-point connections that was originally developed as a data feeder service for ISDN. Frame relay multiplexes the transmission frames of different transmitting or receiving stations over a line according to statistical aspects and supports transmission speeds between 56 kbit/s and 45 Mbit/s in the process.

Another common feature with X.25 is that frame relay also has a connection-oriented transmission mechanism. The connection is usually established within the user channel as inner-band signaling. However, out-band signal ing via dedicated signaling channels (e.g., the D channel in ISDN) is also specified in the standard.

Frame relay and X.25

Structure of a frame relay network

Structure of a frame relay network

A major difference between Frame-Relay and X.25 is the error correction. In frame relay, there is no provision for retransmitting lost or erroneously transmitted data packets between network nodes. The correction of transmission errors is left to the application protocols of the higher layers. Only the validity of addresses and the occurrence of bit errors arechecked.

Frame relay has quickly established itself as a transmission technology especially for inter- LAN connections because it does not require any new communication infrastructure. In most cases, only a software upgrade for existing routers or minor software/ hardware upgrades for X.25 packet switching systems are required.

Frame Relay as LAN/LAN connection

Frame Relay as LAN/LAN connection

Thus, the differences between X.25 and Frame Relay are simpler implementation, lower Frame Relay header overhead, out-of-band signaling, absence of flow control, lower propagation delay, and multicast support.

Frame Relay operates at OSI layers 1 and 2, i.e., the physical layer and the link layer, and has transmission rates from 64 kbit/s to n*64 kbit/s at 2.048 Mbit/s. Speeds of up to over 40 Mbit/s are also possible.

Frame Relay and changing traffic profiles

Comparison of frame relay and cell relay

Comparison of frame relay and cell relay

Frame relay, by its very design, is not capable of handling highly changing traffic profiles, such as those expected in the near future. In the field of Internetworking, frame relay will continue to play an important role in the coming years. For typical broadband applications with varying traffic profiles, however, its usefulness is limited.

Frame relay has been standardized by the International Telecommunication Union( ITU) in I.122, I.233 and I.370, as well as Q Recommendations Q.921, Q.922 and Q.933. Frame relay activities are driven by the Frame Relay Forum.

Informations:
Englisch: frame relay - FR
Updated at: 12.11.2013
#Words: 386
Links: flame retardant (wiring) (FR), data packet, transmission, service, integrated services digital network (ISDN)
Translations: DE
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